How to use the curl command in Linux

cURL (pronounced 'curl') is a computer software project providing a library (libcurl) and command-line tool (curl) for transferring data using various network protocols. The name stands for "Client URL", which was first released in 1997.

How to Install Curl in Linux

curl 7.29.0 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.29.0 NSS/3.36 zlib/1.2.7 libidn/1.28 libssh2/1.4.3
Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps ldap ldaps pop3 pop3s rtsp scp sftp smtp smtps telnet tftp 
Features: AsynchDNS GSS-Negotiate IDN IPv6 Largefile NTLM NTLM_WB SSL libz unix-sockets

Basic use of cURL involves simply typing curl at the command line, followed by the URL of the output to retrieve:

% Total % Received
100 32760

curl supports both HTTP and SOCKS proxy servers, with optional authentication.

* About to connect() to installmd.com port 443 (#0)
*   Trying 172.1.2.3...
* Connected to installmd.com (3.63.3.3) port 443 (#0)
* Initializing NSS with certpath: sql:/etc/pki/nssdb
*   CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
  CApath: none

The syntax for the curl command is as follows:

Usage: 
  curl [options...] <url>

OPTIONS:
--abstract-unix-socket <path>
(HTTP) Connect through an abstract Unix domain socket, instead of using the network. Note: netstat shows the path of an abstract socket prefixed with '@', however the <path> argument should not have this leading character. Added in 7.53.0.
--alt-svc <file name>
(HTTPS) WARNING: this option is experimental. Do not use in production. This option enables the alt-svc parser in curl. If the file name points to an existing alt-svc cache file, that will be used. After a completed transfer, the cache will be saved to the file name again if it has been modified. Specify a "" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and make curl just handle the cache in memory. If this option is used several times, curl will load contents from all the files but the last one will be used for saving. Added in 7.64.1.
--anyauth
(HTTP) Tells curl to figure out authentication method by itself, and use the most secure one the remote site claims to support. This is done by first doing a request and checking the response-headers, thus possibly inducing an extra network round-trip. This is used instead of setting a specific authentication method, which you can do with --basic, --digest, --ntlm, and --negotiate. Using --anyauth is not recommended if you do uploads from stdin, since it may require data to be sent twice and then the client must be able to rewind. If the need should arise when uploading from stdin, the upload operation will fail. Used together with -u, --user. See also --proxy-anyauth, --basic and --digest.
-a, --append
(FTP SFTP) When used in an upload, this makes curl append to the target file instead of overwriting it. If the remote file doesn't exist, it will be created.  Note that this flag is ignored by some SFTP servers (including OpenSSH).
--aws-sigv4 <provider1[:provider2[:region[:service]]]>
Use AWS V4 signature authentication in the transfer. The provider argument is a string that is used by the algorithm when creating outgoing authentication headers. The region argument is a string that points to a geographic area of a resources collection (region-code) when the region name is omitted from the endpoint. The service argument is a string that points to a function provided by a cloud (service-code) when the service name is omitted from the endpoint. Added in 7.75.0.
--basic
(HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication with the remote host. This is the default and this option is usually pointless, unless you use it to override a previously set option that sets a different authentication method (such as --ntlm, --digest, or --negotiate). Used together with -u, --user. See also --proxy-basic.
--cacert <file>
(TLS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to verify the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates.
--capath <dir>
(TLS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate directory to verify the peer. Multiple paths can be provided by separating them with ":" (e.g. "path1:path2:path3"). The certificates must be in PEM format, and if curl is built against OpenSSL, the directory must have been processed using the c_rehash utility supplied with OpenSSL. Using --capath can allow OpenSSL-powered curl to make SSL-connections much more efficiently than using --cacert if the --cacert file contains many CA certificates. If this option is set, the default capath value will be ignored, and if it is used several times, the last one will be used.
--cert-status
(TLS) Tells curl to verify the status of the server certificate by using the Certificate Status Request (aka. OCSP stapling) TLS extension. If this option is enabled and the server sends an invalid (e.g. expired) response, if the response suggests that the server certificate has been revoked, or no response at all is received, the verification fails. This is currently only implemented in the OpenSSL, GnuTLS and NSS backends. Added in 7.41.0.
--cert-type <type>
(TLS) Tells curl what type the provided client certificate is using. PEM, DER, ENG and P12 are recognized types.  If not specified, PEM is assumed. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. See also -E, --cert, --key and --key-type.
-E, --cert <certificate[:password]>
(TLS) Tells curl to use the specified client certificate file when getting a file with HTTPS, FTPS or another SSL-based protocol.
--ciphers <list of ciphers>
(TLS) Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection. The list of ciphers must specify valid ciphers. Read up on SSL cipher list details on this URL: https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--compressed-ssh
(SCP SFTP) Enables built-in SSH compression. This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not do it. Added in 7.56.0.
--compressed
(HTTP) Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms curl supports, and automatically decompress the content. Headers are not modified. If this option is used and the server sends an unsupported encoding, curl will report an error.
-K, --config <file>
Specify a text file to read curl arguments from.
--connect-timeout <seconds>
Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl's connection to take.  This only limits the connection phase, so if curl connects within the given period it will continue - if not it will exit.  Since version 7.32.0, this option accepts decimal values. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. See also -m, --max-time.
--connect-to <HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2>
For a request to the given HOST1:PORT1 pair, connect to HOST2:PORT2 instead. This option is suitable to direct requests at a specific server, e.g. at a specific cluster node in a cluster of servers. This option is only used to establish the network connection. It does NOT affect the hostname/port that is used for TLS/SSL (e.g. SNI, certificate verification) or for the application protocols. "HOST1" and "PORT1" may be the empty string, meaning "any host/port". "HOST2" and "PORT2" may also be the empty string, meaning "use the request's original host/port". A "host" specified to this option is compared as a string, so it needs to match the name used in request URL. It can be either numerical such as "127.0.0.1" or the full host name such as "example.org". This option can be used many times to add many connect rules. See also --resolve and -H, --header. Added in 7.49.0.
-C, --continue-at <offset>
Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at the given offset. The given offset is the exact number of bytes that will be skipped, counting from the beginning of the source file before it is transferred to the destination.  If used with uploads, the FTP server command SIZE will not be used by curl. Use "-C -" to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to resume the transfer. It then uses the given output/input files to figure that out. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. See also -r, --range.
-c, --cookie-jar <filename>
(HTTP) Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies after a completed operation. Curl writes all cookies from its in-memory cookie storage to the given file at the end of operations. If no cookies are known, no data will be written. The file will be written using the Netscape cookie file format. If you set the file name to a single dash, "-", the cookies will be written to stdout. This command line option will activate the cookie engine that makes curl record and use cookies. Another way to activate it is to use the -b, --cookie option. If the cookie jar can't be created or written to, the whole curl operation won't fail or even report an error clearly. Using -v, --verbose will get a warning displayed, but that is the only visible feedback you get about this possibly lethal situation. If this option is used several times, the last specified file name will be used.
-b, --cookie <data|filename>
(HTTP) Pass the data to the HTTP server in the Cookie header. It is supposedly the data previously received from the server in a "Set-Cookie:" line.  The data should be in the format "NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2". If no '=' symbol is used in the argument, it is instead treated as a filename to read previously stored cookie from. This option also activates the cookie engine which will make curl record incoming cookies, which may be handy if you're using this in combination with the -L, --location option or do multiple URL transfers on the same invoke. If the file name is exactly a minus ("-"), curl will instead read the contents from stdin. The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers (Set-Cookie style) or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format. The file specified with -b, --cookie is only used as input. No cookies will be written to the file. To store cookies, use the -c, --cookie-jar option. If you use the Set-Cookie file format and don't specify a domain then the cookie is not sent since the domain will never match. To address this, set a domain in Set-Cookie line (doing that will include sub-domains) or preferably: use the Netscape format. This option can be used multiple times. Users very often want to both read cookies from a file and write updated cookies back to a file, so using both -b, --cookie and -c, --cookie-jar in the same command line is common.
--create-dirs
When used in conjunction with the -o, --output option, curl will create the necessary local directory hierarchy as needed. This option creates the dirs mentioned with the -o, --output option, nothing else. If the --output file name uses no dir or if the dirs it mentions already exist, no dir will be created. Created dirs are made with mode 0750 on unix style file systems. To create remote directories when using FTP or SFTP, try --ftp-create-dirs.
--create-file-mode <mode>
(SFTP SCP FILE) When curl is used to create files remotely using one of the supported protocols, this option allows the user to set which 'mode' to set on the file at creation time, instead of the default 0644. This option takes an octal number as argument. See also --ftp-create-dirs. Added in 7.75.0.
--crlf
(FTP SMTP) Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390). (SMTP added in 7.40.0)
--crlfile <file>
(TLS) Provide a file using PEM format with a Certificate Revocation List that may specify peer certificates that are to be considered revoked. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.19.7.
--curves <algorithm list>
(TLS) Tells curl to request specific curves to use during SSL session establishment according to RFC 8422, 5.1.  Multiple algorithms can be provided by separating them with ":" (e.g.  "X25519:P-521").  The parameter is available identically in the "openssl s_client/s_server" utilities.
--curves allows a OpenSSL powered curl to make SSL-connections with exactly the (EC) curve requested by the client, avoiding intransparent client/server negotiations.
If this option is set, the default curves list built into openssl will be ignored. Added in 7.73.0.
--data-ascii <data>
(HTTP) This is just an alias for -d, --data.
--data-binary <data>
(HTTP) This posts data exactly as specified with no extra processing whatsoever. If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a filename.  Data is posted in a similar manner as -d, --data does, except that newlines and carriage returns are preserved and conversions are never done. Like -d, --data the default content-type sent to the server is application/x-www-form-urlencoded. If you want the data to be treated as arbitrary binary data by the server then set the content-type to octet-stream: -H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream". If this option is used several times, the ones following the first will append data as described in -d, --data.
--data-raw <data>
(HTTP) This posts data similarly to -d, --data but without the special interpretation of the @ character. See also -d, --data. Added in 7.43.0.
--data-urlencode <data>
(HTTP) This posts data, similar to the other -d, --data options with the exception that this performs URL-encoding.
-d, --data <data>
(HTTP MQTT) Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in the same way that a browser does when a user has filled in an HTML form and presses the submit button. This will cause curl to pass the data to the server using the content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded.  Compare to -F, --form.
--data-raw is almost the same but does not have a special interpretation of the @ character. To post data purely binary, you should instead use the --data-binary option.  To URL-encode the value of a form field you may use --data-urlencode.
If any of these options is used more than once on the same command line, the data pieces specified will be merged together with a separating &-symbol. Thus, using '-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy' would generate a post chunk that looks like 'name=daniel&skill=lousy'. If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a file name to read the data from, or - if you want curl to read the data from stdin. Posting data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with -d, --data @foobar. When -d, --data is told to read from a file like that, carriage returns and newlines will be stripped out. If you don't want the @ character to have a special interpretation use --data-raw instead. See also --data-binary, --data-urlencode and --data-raw. This option overrides -F, --form and -I, --head and -T, --upload-file.
--delegation <LEVEL>
(GSS/kerberos) Set LEVEL to tell the server what it is allowed to delegate when it comes to user credentials.  none Don't allow any delegation. policy Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set in the Kerberos service ticket, which is a matter of realm policy. always Unconditionally allow the server to delegate.
--digest
(HTTP) Enables HTTP Digest authentication. This is an authentication scheme that prevents the password from being sent over the wire in clear text. Use this in combination with the normal -u, --user option to set user name and password. If this option is used several times, only the first one is used. See also -u, --user, --proxy-digest and --anyauth. This option overrides --basic and --ntlm and --negotiate.
--disable-eprt
(FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands when doing active FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPRT, then LPRT before using PORT, but with this option, it will use PORT right away. EPRT and LPRT are extensions to the original FTP protocol, and may not work on all servers, but they enable more functionality in a better way than the traditional PORT command.
--eprt can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and --no-eprt is an alias for --disable-eprt.
If the server is accessed using IPv6, this option will have no effect as EPRT is necessary then. Disabling EPRT only changes the active behavior. If you want to switch to passive mode you need to not use -P, --ftp-port or force it with --ftp-pasv.
--disable-epsv
(FTP) (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPSV command when doing passive FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPSV before PASV, but with this option, it will not try using EPSV.
--epsv can be used to explicitly enable EPSV again and --no-epsv is an alias for --disable-epsv.
If the server is an IPv6 host, this option will have no effect as EPSV is necessary then. Disabling EPSV only changes the passive behavior. If you want to switch to active mode you need to use -P, --ftp-port.
-q, --disable
If used as the first parameter on the command line, the curlrc config file will not be read and used. See the -K, --config for details on the default config file search path.
--disallow-username-in-url
(HTTP) This tells curl to exit if passed a url containing a username. See also --proto. Added in 7.61.0.
--dns-interface <interface>
(DNS) Tell curl to send outgoing DNS requests through <interface>. This option is a counterpart to --interface (which does not affect DNS). The supplied string must be an interface name (not an address). See also --dns-ipv4-addr and --dns-ipv6-addr. --dns-interface requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-ares. Added in 7.33.0.
--dns-ipv4-addr <address>
(DNS) Tell curl to bind to <ip-address> when making IPv4 DNS requests, so that the DNS requests originate from this address. The argument should be a single IPv4 address. See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv6-addr. --dns-ipv4-addr requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-ares. Added in 7.33.0.
--dns-ipv6-addr <address>
(DNS) Tell curl to bind to <ip-address> when making IPv6 DNS requests, so that the DNS requests originate from this address. The argument should be a single IPv6 address. See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv4-addr. --dns-ipv6-addr requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-ares. Added in 7.33.0.
--dns-servers <addresses>
Set the list of DNS servers to be used instead of the system default. The list of IP addresses should be separated with commas. Port numbers may also optionally be given as :<port-number> after each IP address.
--dns-servers requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-ares. Added in 7.33.0.
--doh-cert-status
(all) Same as --cert-status but used for DOH (DNS-over-HTTPS). Added in 7.76.0.
--doh-insecure
(all) Same as -k, --insecure but used for DOH (DNS-over-HTTPS). Added in 7.76.0.
--doh-url <URL>
(all) Specifies which DNS-over-HTTPS (DOH) server to use to resolve hostnames, instead of using the default name resolver mechanism. The URL must be HTTPS. Some SSL options that you set for your transfer will apply to DOH since the name lookups take place over SSL. However, the certificate verification settings are not inherited and can be controlled separately via --doh-insecure and --doh-cert-status. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.62.0.
-D, --dump-header <filename>
(HTTP FTP) Write the received protocol headers to the specified file. This option is handy to use when you want to store the headers that an HTTP site sends to you. Cookies from the headers could then be read in a second curl invocation by using the -b, --cookie option! The -c, --cookie-jar option is a better way to store cookies. If no headers are received, the use of this option will create an empty file. When used in FTP, the FTP server response lines are considered being "headers" and thus are saved there. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. See also -o, --output.
--egd-file <file>
(TLS) Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon socket. The socket is used to seed the random engine for SSL connections. See also --random-file.
--engine <name>
(TLS) Select the OpenSSL crypto engine to use for cipher operations. Use --engine list to print a list of build-time supported engines. Note that not all (or none) of the engines may be available at run-time.
--etag-compare <file>
(HTTP) This option makes a conditional HTTP request for the specific ETag read from the given file by sending a custom If-None-Match header using the extracted ETag. For correct results, make sure that specified file contains only a single line with a desired ETag. An empty file is parsed as an empty ETag. Use the option --etag-save to first save the ETag from a response, and then use this option to compare using the saved ETag in a subsequent request. COMPARISON: There are 2 types of comparison or ETags: Weak and Strong. This option expects, and uses a strong comparison. Added in 7.68.0.
--etag-save <file>
(HTTP) This option saves an HTTP ETag to the specified file. Etag is usually part of headers returned by a request. When server sends an ETag, it must be enveloped by a double quote. This option extracts the ETag without the double quotes and saves it into the <file>. A server can send a weak ETag which is prefixed by "W/". This identifier is not considered, and only relevant ETag between quotation marks is parsed. It an ETag wasn't sent by the server or it cannot be parsed, an empty file is created. Added in 7.68.0.
--expect100-timeout <seconds>
(HTTP) Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl to wait for a 100-continue response when curl emits an Expects: 100-continue header in its request. By default curl will wait one second. This option accepts decimal values! When curl stops waiting, it will continue as if the response has been received. See also --connect-timeout. Added in 7.47.0.
--fail-early
Fail and exit on the first detected transfer error. When curl is used to do multiple transfers on the command line, it will attempt to operate on each given URL, one by one. By default, it will ignore errors if there are more URLs given and the last URL's success will determine the error code curl returns. So early failures will be "hidden" by subsequent successful transfers. Using this option, curl will instead return an error on the first transfer that fails, independent of the amount of URLs that are given on the command line. This way, no transfer failures go undetected by scripts and similar. This option is global and does not need to be specified for each use of -:, --next. This option does not imply -f, --fail, which causes transfers to fail due to the server's HTTP status code. You can combine the two options, however note -f, --fail is not global and is therefore contained by -:, --next. Added in 7.52.0.
--fail-with-body
(HTTP)  Return an error on server errors where the HTTP response code is 400 or greater). In normal cases when an HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns an HTML document stating so (which often also describes why and more). This flag will still allow curl to output and save that content but also to return error 22. This is an alternative option to -f, --fail which makes curl fail for the same circumstances but without saving the content. See also -f, --fail. Added in 7.76.0.
-f, --fail
(HTTP) Fail silently (no output at all) on server errors. This is mostly done to enable scripts etc to better deal with failed attempts. In normal cases when an HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns an HTML document stating so (which often also describes why and more). This flag will prevent curl from outputting that and return error 22. This method is not fail-safe and there are occasions where non-successful response codes will slip through, especially when authentication is involved (response codes 401 and 407). See also --fail-with-body.
--false-start
(TLS) Tells curl to use false start during the TLS handshake. False start is a mode where a TLS client will start sending application data before verifying the server's Finished message, thus saving a round trip when performing a full handshake. This is currently only implemented in the NSS and Secure Transport (on iOS 7.0 or later, or OS X 10.9 or later) backends. Added in 7.42.0.
--form-string <name=string>
(HTTP SMTP IMAP) Similar to -F, --form except that the value string for the named parameter is used literally. Leading '@' and '<' characters, and the ';type=' string in the value have no special meaning. Use this in preference to -F, --form if there's any possibility that the string value may accidentally trigger the '@' or '<' features of -F, --form. See also -F, --form.
-F, --form <name=content>
(HTTP SMTP IMAP) For HTTP protocol family, this lets curl emulate a filled-in form in which a user has pressed the submit button.
--ftp-account <data>
(FTP) When an FTP server asks for "account data" after user name and password has been provided, this data is sent off using the ACCT command. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.13.0.
--ftp-alternative-to-user <command>
(FTP) If authenticating with the USER and PASS commands fails, send this command. When connecting to Tumbleweed's Secure Transport server over FTPS using a client certificate, using "SITE AUTH" will tell the server to retrieve the username from the certificate. Added in 7.15.5.
--ftp-create-dirs
(FTP SFTP) When an FTP or SFTP URL/operation uses a path that doesn't currently exist on the server, the standard behavior of curl is to fail. Using this option, curl will instead attempt to create missing directories. See also --create-dirs.
--ftp-method <method>
(FTP) Control what method curl should use to reach a file on an FTP(S) server. The method argument should be one of the following alternatives:  multicwd curl does a single CWD operation for each path part in the given URL. For deep hierarchies this means very many commands. This is how RFC 1738 says it should be done. This is the default but the slowest behavior. nocwd curl does no CWD at all. curl will do SIZE, RETR, STOR etc and give a full path to the server for all these commands. This is the fastest behavior. singlecwd curl does one CWD with the full target directory and then operates on the file "normally" (like in the multicwd case). This is somewhat more standards compliant than 'nocwd' but without the full penalty of 'multicwd'.  Added in 7.15.1.
--ftp-pasv
(FTP) Use passive mode for the data connection. Passive is the internal default behavior, but using this option can be used to override a previous -P, --ftp-port option. If this option is used several times, only the first one is used. Undoing an enforced passive really isn't doable but you must then instead enforce the correct -P, --ftp-port again. Passive mode means that curl will try the EPSV command first and then PASV, unless --disable-epsv is used. See also --disable-epsv. Added in 7.11.0.
-P, --ftp-port <address>
(FTP) Reverses the default initiator/listener roles when connecting with FTP. This option makes curl use active mode. curl then tells the server to connect back to the client's specified address and port, while passive mode asks the server to setup an IP address and port for it to connect to. <address> should be one of:  interface e.g. "eth0" to specify which interface's IP address you want to use (Unix only) IP address e.g. "192.168.10.1" to specify the exact IP address host name e.g. "my.host.domain" to specify the machine
-
make curl pick the same IP address that is already used for the control connection  If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Disable the use of PORT with --ftp-pasv. Disable the attempt to use the EPRT command instead of PORT by using --disable-eprt. EPRT is really PORT++. Since 7.19.5, you can append ":[start]-[end]" to the right of the address, to tell curl what TCP port range to use. That means you specify a port range, from a lower to a higher number. A single number works as well, but do note that it increases the risk of failure since the port may not be available. See also --ftp-pasv and --disable-eprt.
--ftp-pret
(FTP) Tell curl to send a PRET command before PASV (and EPSV). Certain FTP servers, mainly drftpd, require this non-standard command for directory listings as well as up and downloads in PASV mode. Added in 7.20.0.
--ftp-skip-pasv-ip
(FTP) Tell curl to not use the IP address the server suggests in its response to curl's PASV command when curl connects the data connection. Instead curl will re-use the same IP address it already uses for the control connection. Since curl 7.74.0 this option is enabled by default. This option has no effect if PORT, EPRT or EPSV is used instead of PASV. See also --ftp-pasv. Added in 7.14.2.
--ftp-ssl-ccc-mode <active/passive>
(FTP) Sets the CCC mode. The passive mode will not initiate the shutdown, but instead wait for the server to do it, and will not reply to the shutdown from the server. The active mode initiates the shutdown and waits for a reply from the server. See also --ftp-ssl-ccc. Added in 7.16.2.
--ftp-ssl-ccc
(FTP) Use CCC (Clear Command Channel) Shuts down the SSL/TLS layer after authenticating. The rest of the control channel communication will be unencrypted. This allows NAT routers to follow the FTP transaction. The default mode is passive. See also --ssl and --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode. Added in 7.16.1.
--ftp-ssl-control
(FTP) Require SSL/TLS for the FTP login, clear for transfer.  Allows secure authentication, but non-encrypted data transfers for efficiency.  Fails the transfer if the server doesn't support SSL/TLS. Added in 7.16.0.
-G, --get
When used, this option will make all data specified with -d, --data, --data-binary or --data-urlencode to be used in an HTTP GET request instead of the POST request that otherwise would be used. The data will be appended to the URL with a '?' separator. If used in combination with -I, --head, the POST data will instead be appended to the URL with a HEAD request. If this option is used several times, only the first one is used. This is because undoing a GET doesn't make sense, but you should then instead enforce the alternative method you prefer.
-g, --globoff
This option switches off the "URL globbing parser". When you set this option, you can specify URLs that contain the letters {}[] without having them being interpreted by curl itself. Note that these letters are not normal legal URL contents but they should be encoded according to the URI standard.
--happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms <milliseconds>
Happy eyeballs is an algorithm that attempts to connect to both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for dual-stack hosts, preferring IPv6 first for the number of milliseconds. If the IPv6 address cannot be connected to within that time then a connection attempt is made to the IPv4 address in parallel. The first connection to be established is the one that is used. The range of suggested useful values is limited. Happy Eyeballs RFC 6555 says "It is RECOMMENDED that connection attempts be paced 150-250 ms apart to balance human factors against network load." libcurl currently defaults to 200 ms. Firefox and Chrome currently default to 300 ms. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.59.0.
--haproxy-protocol
(HTTP) Send a HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header at the beginning of the connection. This is used by some load balancers and reverse proxies to indicate the client's true IP address and port. This option is primarily useful when sending test requests to a service that expects this header. Added in 7.60.0.
-I, --head
(HTTP FTP FILE) Fetch the headers only! HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but the header of a document. When used on an FTP or FILE file, curl displays the file size and last modification time only.
-H, --header <header/@file>
(HTTP) Extra header to include in the request when sending HTTP to a server.
-h, --help <category>
Usage help. This lists all commands of the <category>. If no arg was provided, curl will display the most important command line arguments. If the argument "all" was provided, curl will display all options available. If the argument "category" was provided, curl will display all categories and their meanings.
--hostpubmd5 <md5>
(SFTP SCP) Pass a string containing 32 hexadecimal digits. The string should be the 128 bit MD5 checksum of the remote host's public key, curl will refuse the connection with the host unless the md5sums match. Added in 7.17.1.
--hsts <file name>
(HTTPS) WARNING: this option is experimental. Do not use in production. This option enables HSTS for the transfer. If the file name points to an existing HSTS cache file, that will be used. After a completed transfer, the cache will be saved to the file name again if it has been modified. Specify a "" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and make curl just handle HSTS in memory. If this option is used several times, curl will load contents from all the files but the last one will be used for saving. Added in 7.74.0.
--http0.9
(HTTP) Tells curl to be fine with HTTP version 0.9 response. HTTP/0.9 is a completely headerless response and therefore you can also connect with this to non-HTTP servers and still get a response since curl will simply transparently downgrade - if allowed. Since curl 7.66.0, HTTP/0.9 is disabled by default.
-0, --http1.0
(HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.0 instead of using its internally preferred HTTP version. This option overrides --http1.1 and --http2.
--http1.1
(HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.1. This option overrides -0, --http1.0 and --http2. Added in 7.33.0.
--http2-prior-knowledge
(HTTP) Tells curl to issue its non-TLS HTTP requests using HTTP/2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade. It requires prior knowledge that the server supports HTTP/2 straight away. HTTPS requests will still do HTTP/2 the standard way with negotiated protocol version in the TLS handshake.
--http2-prior-knowledge requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support HTTP/2. This option overrides --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and --http2. Added in 7.49.0.
--http2
(HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 2. See also --http1.1 and --http3. --http2 requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support HTTP/2. This option overrides --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and --http2-prior-knowledge. Added in 7.33.0.
--http3
(HTTP)  WARNING: this option is experimental. Do not use in production. Tells curl to use HTTP version 3 directly to the host and port number used in the URL. A normal HTTP/3 transaction will be done to a host and then get redirected via Alt-SVc, but this option allows a user to circumvent that when you know that the target speaks HTTP/3 on the given host and port. This option will make curl fail if a QUIC connection cannot be established, it cannot fall back to a lower HTTP version on its own. See also --http1.1 and --http2. --http3 requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support HTTP/3. This option overrides --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and --http2 and --http2-prior-knowledge. Added in 7.66.0.
--ignore-content-length
(FTP HTTP) For HTTP, Ignore the Content-Length header. This is particularly useful for servers running Apache 1.x, which will report incorrect Content-Length for files larger than 2 gigabytes. For FTP (since 7.46.0), skip the RETR command to figure out the size before downloading a file. This option doesn't work if libcurl was built to use hyper for HTTP.
-i, --include
Include the HTTP response headers in the output. The HTTP response headers can include things like server name, cookies, date of the document, HTTP version and more... To view the request headers, consider the -v, --verbose option. See also -v, --verbose.
-k, --insecure
(TLS)  By default, every SSL connection curl makes is verified to be secure. This option allows curl to proceed and operate even for server connections otherwise considered insecure. The server connection is verified by making sure the server's certificate contains the right name and verifies successfully using the cert store. See this online resource for further details:  https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html See also --proxy-insecure and --cacert.
--interface <name>
Perform an operation using a specified interface. You can enter interface name, IP address or host name. An example could look like: curl --interface eth0:1 https://www.example.com/ If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. On Linux it can be used to specify a VRF, but the binary needs to either have CAP_NET_RAW or to be run as root. More information about Linux VRF: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/vrf.txt See also --dns-interface.
-4, --ipv4
This option tells curl to resolve names to IPv4 addresses only, and not for example try IPv6. See also --http1.1 and --http2. This option overrides -6, --ipv6.
-6, --ipv6
This option tells curl to resolve names to IPv6 addresses only, and not for example try IPv4. See also --http1.1 and --http2. This option overrides -4, --ipv4.
-j, --junk-session-cookies
(HTTP) When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this option will make it discard all "session cookies". This will basically have the same effect as if a new session is started. Typical browsers always discard session cookies when they're closed down. See also -b, --cookie and -c, --cookie-jar.
--keepalive-time <seconds>
This option sets the time a connection needs to remain idle before sending keepalive probes and the time between individual keepalive probes. It is currently effective on operating systems offering the TCP_KEEPIDLE and TCP_KEEPINTVL socket options (meaning Linux, recent AIX, HP-UX and more). This option has no effect if --no-keepalive is used. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. If unspecified, the option defaults to 60 seconds. Added in 7.18.0.
--key-type <type>
(TLS) Private key file type. Specify which type your --key provided private key is. DER, PEM, and ENG are supported. If not specified, PEM is assumed. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--key <key>
(TLS SSH) Private key file name. Allows you to provide your private key in this separate file. For SSH, if not specified, curl tries the following candidates in order: '~/.ssh/id_rsa', '~/.ssh/id_dsa', './id_rsa', './id_dsa'. If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11 is available, then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to specify a private key located in a PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" will be interpreted as a PKCS#11 URI. If a PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option will be set as "pkcs11" if none was provided and the --key-type option will be set as "ENG" if none was provided. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--krb <level>
(FTP) Enable Kerberos authentication and use. The level must be entered and should be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential', or 'private'. Should you use a level that is not one of these, 'private' will instead be used. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--krb requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support Kerberos.
--libcurl <file>
Append this option to any ordinary curl command line, and you will get a libcurl-using C source code written to the file that does the equivalent of what your command-line operation does! If this option is used several times, the last given file name will be used. Added in 7.16.1.
--limit-rate <speed>
Specify the maximum transfer rate you want curl to use - for both downloads and uploads. This feature is useful if you have a limited pipe and you'd like your transfer not to use your entire bandwidth. To make it slower than it otherwise would be. The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is appended. Appending 'k' or 'K' will count the number as kilobytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G. If you also use the -Y, --speed-limit option, that option will take precedence and might cripple the rate-limiting slightly, to help keeping the speed-limit logic working. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
-l, --list-only
(FTP POP3) (FTP) When listing an FTP directory, this switch forces a name-only view. This is especially useful if the user wants to machine-parse the contents of an FTP directory since the normal directory view doesn't use a standard look or format. When used like this, the option causes a NLST command to be sent to the server instead of LIST. Note: Some FTP servers list only files in their response to NLST; they do not include sub-directories and symbolic links. (POP3) When retrieving a specific email from POP3, this switch forces a LIST command to be performed instead of RETR. This is particularly useful if the user wants to see if a specific message id exists on the server and what size it is. Note: When combined with -X, --request, this option can be used to send an UIDL command instead, so the user may use the email's unique identifier rather than it's message id to make the request. Added in 4.0.
--local-port <num/range>
Set a preferred single number or range (FROM-TO) of local port numbers to use for the connection(s).  Note that port numbers by nature are a scarce resource that will be busy at times so setting this range to something too narrow might cause unnecessary connection setup failures. Added in 7.15.2.
--location-trusted
(HTTP) Like -L, --location, but will allow sending the name + password to all hosts that the site may redirect to. This may or may not introduce a security breach if the site redirects you to a site to which you'll send your authentication info (which is plaintext in the case of HTTP Basic authentication). See also -u, --user.
-L, --location
(HTTP) If the server reports that the requested page has moved to a different location (indicated with a Location: header and a 3XX response code), this option will make curl redo the request on the new place.
--login-options <options>
(IMAP POP3 SMTP) Specify the login options to use during server authentication. You can use the login options to specify protocol specific options that may be used during authentication. At present only IMAP, POP3 and SMTP support login options. For more information about the login options please see RFC 2384, RFC 5092 and IETF draft draft-earhart-url-smtp-00.txt If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.34.0.
--mail-auth <address>
(SMTP) Specify a single address. This will be used to specify the authentication address (identity) of a submitted message that is being relayed to another server. See also --mail-rcpt and --mail-from. Added in 7.25.0.
--mail-from <address>
(SMTP) Specify a single address that the given mail should get sent from. See also --mail-rcpt and --mail-auth. Added in 7.20.0.
--mail-rcpt-allowfails
(SMTP) When sending data to multiple recipients, by default curl will abort SMTP conversation if at least one of the recipients causes RCPT TO command to return an error. The default behavior can be changed by passing --mail-rcpt-allowfails command-line option which will make curl ignore errors and proceed with the remaining valid recipients. In case when all recipients cause RCPT TO command to fail, curl will abort SMTP conversation and return the error received from to the last RCPT TO command. Added in 7.69.0.
--mail-rcpt <address>
(SMTP) Specify a single address, user name or mailing list name. Repeat this option several times to send to multiple recipients. When performing a mail transfer, the recipient should specify a valid email address to send the mail to. When performing an address verification (VRFY command), the recipient should be specified as the user name or user name and domain (as per Section 3.5 of RFC 5321). (Added in 7.34.0) When performing a mailing list expand (EXPN command), the recipient should be specified using the mailing list name, such as "Friends" or "London-Office". (Added in 7.34.0) Added in 7.20.0.
-M, --manual
Manual. Display the huge help text.
--max-filesize <bytes>
Specify the maximum size (in bytes) of a file to download. If the file requested is larger than this value, the transfer will not start and curl will return with exit code 63. A size modifier may be used. For example, Appending 'k' or 'K' will count the number as kilobytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G. (Added in 7.58.0) NOTE: The file size is not always known prior to download, and for such files this option has no effect even if the file transfer ends up being larger than this given limit. This concerns both FTP and HTTP transfers. See also --limit-rate.
--max-redirs <num>
(HTTP) Set maximum number of redirection-followings allowed. When -L, --location is used, is used to prevent curl from following redirections too much. By default, the limit is set to 50 redirections. Set this option to -1 to make it unlimited. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
-m, --max-time <seconds>
Maximum time in seconds that you allow the whole operation to take.  This is useful for preventing your batch jobs from hanging for hours due to slow networks or links going down.  Since 7.32.0, this option accepts decimal values, but the actual timeout will decrease in accuracy as the specified timeout increases in decimal precision. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. See also --connect-timeout.
--metalink
This option was previously used to specify a metalink resource. Metalink support has unfortunately been disabled in curl since 7.78.0 due to security reasons. Added in 7.27.0.
--negotiate
(HTTP) Enables Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication. This option requires a library built with GSS-API or SSPI support. Use -V, --version to see if your curl supports GSS-API/SSPI or SPNEGO. When using this option, you must also provide a fake -u, --user option to activate the authentication code properly. Sending a '-u :' is enough as the user name and password from the -u, --user option aren't actually used. If this option is used several times, only the first one is used. See also --basic, --ntlm, --anyauth and --proxy-negotiate.
--netrc-file <filename>
This option is similar to -n, --netrc, except that you provide the path (absolute or relative) to the netrc file that curl should use.  You can only specify one netrc file per invocation. If several --netrc-file options are provided, the last one will be used. It will abide by --netrc-optional if specified. This option overrides -n, --netrc. Added in 7.21.5.
--netrc-optional
Very similar to -n, --netrc, but this option makes the .netrc usage optional and not mandatory as the -n, --netrc option does. See also --netrc-file. This option overrides -n, --netrc.
-n, --netrc
Makes curl scan the .netrc (_netrc on Windows) file in the user's home directory for login name and password. This is typically used for FTP on Unix. If used with HTTP, curl will enable user authentication. See netrc(5) ftp(1) for details on the file format. Curl will not complain if that file doesn't have the right permissions (it should not be either world- or group-readable). The environment variable "HOME" is used to find the home directory. A quick and very simple example of how to setup a .netrc to allow curl to FTP to the machine host.domain.com with user name 'myself' and password 'secret' should look similar to: machine host.domain.com login myself password secret
-:, --next
Tells curl to use a separate operation for the following URL and associated options. This allows you to send several URL requests, each with their own specific options, for example, such as different user names or custom requests for each.
-:, --next will reset all local options and only global ones will have their values survive over to the operation following the -:, --next instruction. Global options include -v, --verbose, --trace, --trace-ascii and --fail-early.
For example, you can do both a GET and a POST in a single command line: curl www1.example.com --next -d postthis www2.example.com Added in 7.36.0.
--no-alpn
(HTTPS) Disable the ALPN TLS extension. ALPN is enabled by default if libcurl was built with an SSL library that supports ALPN. ALPN is used by a libcurl that supports HTTP/2 to negotiate HTTP/2 support with the server during https sessions. See also --no-npn and --http2. --no-alpn requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. Added in 7.36.0.
-N, --no-buffer
Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal work situations, curl will use a standard buffered output stream that will have the effect that it will output the data in chunks, not necessarily exactly when the data arrives. Using this option will disable that buffering. Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use --buffer to enforce the buffering.
--no-keepalive
Disables the use of keepalive messages on the TCP connection. curl otherwise enables them by default. Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use --keepalive to enforce keepalive.
--no-npn
(HTTPS) Disable the NPN TLS extension. NPN is enabled by default if libcurl was built with an SSL library that supports NPN. NPN is used by a libcurl that supports HTTP/2 to negotiate HTTP/2 support with the server during https sessions. See also --no-alpn and --http2. --no-npn requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. Added in 7.36.0.
--no-progress-meter
Option to switch off the progress meter output without muting or otherwise affecting warning and informational messages like -s, --silent does. Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use --progress-meter to enable the progress meter again. See also -v, --verbose and -s, --silent. Added in 7.67.0.
--no-sessionid
(TLS) Disable curl's use of SSL session-ID caching.  By default all transfers are done using the cache. Note that while nothing should ever get hurt by attempting to reuse SSL session-IDs, there seem to be broken SSL implementations in the wild that may require you to disable this in order for you to succeed. Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use --sessionid to enforce session-ID caching. Added in 7.16.0.
--noproxy <no-proxy-list>
Comma-separated list of hosts which do not use a proxy, if one is specified. The only wildcard is a single * character, which matches all hosts, and effectively disables the proxy. Each name in this list is matched as either a domain which contains the hostname, or the hostname itself. For example, local.com would match local.com, local.com:80, and www.local.com, but not www.notlocal.com. Since 7.53.0, This option overrides the environment variables that disable the proxy. If there's an environment variable disabling a proxy, you can set noproxy list to "" to override it. Added in 7.19.4.
--ntlm-wb
(HTTP) Enables NTLM much in the style --ntlm does, but hand over the authentication to the separate binary ntlmauth application that is executed when needed. See also --ntlm and --proxy-ntlm.
--ntlm
(HTTP) Enables NTLM authentication. The NTLM authentication method was designed by Microsoft and is used by IIS web servers. It is a proprietary protocol, reverse-engineered by clever people and implemented in curl based on their efforts. This kind of behavior should not be endorsed, you should encourage everyone who uses NTLM to switch to a public and documented authentication method instead, such as Digest. If you want to enable NTLM for your proxy authentication, then use --proxy-ntlm. If this option is used several times, only the first one is used. See also --proxy-ntlm. --ntlm requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. This option overrides --basic and --negotiate and --digest and --anyauth.
--oauth2-bearer <token>
(IMAP POP3 SMTP HTTP) Specify the Bearer Token for OAUTH 2.0 server authentication. The Bearer Token is used in conjunction with the user name which can be specified as part of the --url or -u, --user options. The Bearer Token and user name are formatted according to RFC 6750. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--output-dir <dir>
This option specifies the directory in which files should be stored, when -O, --remote-name or -o, --output are used. The given output directory is used for all URLs and output options on the command line, up until the first -:, --next. If the specified target directory doesn't exist, the operation will fail unless --create-dirs is also used. If this option is used multiple times, the last specified directory will be used. See also -O, --remote-name and -J, --remote-header-name. Added in 7.73.0.
-o, --output <file>
Write output to <file> instead of stdout. If you are using {} or [] to fetch multiple documents, you should quote the URL and you can use '#' followed by a number in the <file> specifier. That variable will be replaced with the current string for the URL being fetched. Like in: curl "http://{one,two}.example.com" -o "file_#1.txt" or use several variables like: curl "http://{site,host}.host[1-5].com" -o "#1_#2" You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you have. For example, if you specify two URLs on the same command line, you can use it like this: curl -o aa example.com -o bb example.net and the order of the -o options and the URLs doesn't matter, just that the first -o is for the first URL and so on, so the above command line can also be written as curl example.com example.net -o aa -o bb See also the --create-dirs option to create the local directories dynamically. Specifying the output as '-' (a single dash) will force the output to be done to stdout. See also -O, --remote-name, --remote-name-all and -J, --remote-header-name.
--parallel-immediate
When doing parallel transfers, this option will instruct curl that it should rather prefer opening up more connections in parallel at once rather than waiting to see if new transfers can be added as multiplexed streams on another connection. See also -Z, --parallel and --parallel-max. Added in 7.68.0.
--parallel-max
When asked to do parallel transfers, using -Z, --parallel, this option controls the maximum amount of transfers to do simultaneously. The default is 50. See also -Z, --parallel. Added in 7.66.0.
-Z, --parallel
Makes curl perform its transfers in parallel as compared to the regular serial manner. Added in 7.66.0.
--pass <phrase>
(SSH TLS) Passphrase for the private key If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--path-as-is
Tell curl to not handle sequences of /../ or /./ in the given URL path. Normally curl will squash or merge them according to standards but with this option set you tell it not to do that. Added in 7.42.0.
--pinnedpubkey <hashes>
(TLS) Tells curl to use the specified public key file (or hashes) to verify the peer. This can be a path to a file which contains a single public key in PEM or DER format, or any number of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by ´sha256//´ and separated by ´;´ When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a certificate indicating its identity. A public key is extracted from this certificate and if it does not exactly match the public key provided to this option, curl will abort the connection before sending or receiving any data. PEM/DER support:   7.39.0: OpenSSL, GnuTLS and GSKit   7.43.0: NSS and wolfSSL   7.47.0: mbedtls sha256 support:   7.44.0: OpenSSL, GnuTLS, NSS and wolfSSL   7.47.0: mbedtls Other SSL backends not supported. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--post301
(HTTP) Tells curl to respect RFC 7231/6.4.2 and not convert POST requests into GET requests when following a 301 redirection. The non-RFC behavior is ubiquitous in web browsers, so curl does the conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a server may require a POST to remain a POST after such a redirection. This option is meaningful only when using -L, --location. See also --post302, --post303 and -L, --location. Added in 7.17.1.
--post302
(HTTP) Tells curl to respect RFC 7231/6.4.3 and not convert POST requests into GET requests when following a 302 redirection. The non-RFC behavior is ubiquitous in web browsers, so curl does the conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a server may require a POST to remain a POST after such a redirection. This option is meaningful only when using -L, --location. See also --post301, --post303 and -L, --location. Added in 7.19.1.
--post303
(HTTP) Tells curl to violate RFC 7231/6.4.4 and not convert POST requests into GET requests when following 303 redirections. A server may require a POST to remain a POST after a 303 redirection. This option is meaningful only when using -L, --location. See also --post302, --post301 and -L, --location. Added in 7.26.0.
--preproxy [protocol://]host[:port]
Use the specified SOCKS proxy before connecting to an HTTP or HTTPS -x, --proxy. In such a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy. Hence pre proxy. The pre proxy string should be specified with a protocol:// prefix to specify alternative proxy protocols. Use socks4://, socks4a://, socks5:// or socks5h:// to request the specific SOCKS version to be used. No protocol specified will make curl default to SOCKS4. If the port number is not specified in the proxy string, it is assumed to be 1080. User and password that might be provided in the proxy string are URL decoded by curl. This allows you to pass in special characters such as @ by using %40 or pass in a colon with %3a. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.52.0.
-#, --progress-bar
Make curl display transfer progress as a simple progress bar instead of the standard, more informational, meter. This progress bar draws a single line of '#' characters across the screen and shows a percentage if the transfer size is known. For transfers without a known size, there will be space ship (-=o=-) that moves back and forth but only while data is being transferred, with a set of flying hash sign symbols on top.
--proto-default <protocol>
Tells curl to use protocol for any URL missing a scheme name. Example: curl --proto-default https ftp.mozilla.org An unknown or unsupported protocol causes error CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL (1). This option does not change the default proxy protocol (http). Without this option curl would make a guess based on the host, see --url for details. Added in 7.45.0.
--proto-redir <protocols>
Tells curl to limit what protocols it may use on redirect. Protocols denied by --proto are not overridden by this option. See --proto for how protocols are represented. Example, allow only HTTP and HTTPS on redirect: curl --proto-redir -all,http,https http://example.com By default curl will allow HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS on redirect (7.65.2). Older versions of curl allowed all protocols on redirect except several disabled for security reasons: Since 7.19.4 FILE and SCP are disabled, and since 7.40.0 SMB and SMBS are also disabled. Specifying all or +all enables all protocols on redirect, including those disabled for security. Added in 7.20.2.
--proto <protocols>
Tells curl to limit what protocols it may use in the transfer. Protocols are evaluated left to right, are comma separated, and are each a protocol name or 'all', optionally prefixed by zero or more modifiers. Available modifiers are:  + Permit this protocol in addition to protocols already permitted (this is the default if no modifier is used).
- Deny this protocol, removing it from the list of protocols already permitted.
= Permit only this protocol (ignoring the list already permitted), though subject to later modification by subsequent entries in the comma separated list.   For example:
--proto -ftps uses the default protocols, but disables ftps
--proto -all,https,+http only enables http and https
--proto =http,https also only enables http and https
Unknown protocols produce a warning. This allows scripts to safely rely on being able to disable potentially dangerous protocols, without relying upon support for that protocol being built into curl to avoid an error. This option can be used multiple times, in which case the effect is the same as concatenating the protocols into one instance of the option. See also --proto-redir and --proto-default. Added in 7.20.2.
--proxy-anyauth
Tells curl to pick a suitable authentication method when communicating with the given HTTP proxy. This might cause an extra request/response round-trip. See also -x, --proxy, --proxy-basic and --proxy-digest. Added in 7.13.2.
--proxy-basic
Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --basic for enabling HTTP Basic with a remote host. Basic is the default authentication method curl uses with proxies. See also -x, --proxy, --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-digest.
--proxy-cacert <file>
Same as --cacert but used in HTTPS proxy context. See also --proxy-capath, --cacert, --capath and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-capath <dir>
Same as --capath but used in HTTPS proxy context. See also --proxy-cacert, -x, --proxy and --capath. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-cert-type <type>
Same as --cert-type but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-cert <cert[:passwd]>
Same as -E, --cert but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-ciphers <list>
Same as --ciphers but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-crlfile <file>
Same as --crlfile but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-digest
Tells curl to use HTTP Digest authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --digest for enabling HTTP Digest with a remote host. See also -x, --proxy, --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-basic.
--proxy-header <header/@file>
(HTTP) Extra header to include in the request when sending HTTP to a proxy.
--proxy-insecure
Same as -k, --insecure but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-key-type <type>
Same as --key-type but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-key <key>
Same as --key but used in HTTPS proxy context.
--proxy-negotiate
Tells curl to use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --negotiate for enabling HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) with a remote host. See also --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-basic. Added in 7.17.1.
--proxy-ntlm
Tells curl to use HTTP NTLM authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --ntlm for enabling NTLM with a remote host. See also --proxy-negotiate and --proxy-anyauth.
--proxy-pass <phrase>
Same as --pass but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-pinnedpubkey <hashes>
(TLS) Tells curl to use the specified public key file (or hashes) to verify the proxy.
--proxy-service-name <name>
This option allows you to change the service name for proxy negotiation. Added in 7.43.0.
--proxy-ssl-allow-beast
Same as --ssl-allow-beast but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert
Same as --ssl-auto-client-cert but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.77.0.
--proxy-tls13-ciphers <ciphersuite list>
(TLS) Specifies which cipher suites to use in the connection to your HTTPS proxy when it negotiates TLS 1.3.
--proxy-tlsauthtype <type>
Same as --tlsauthtype but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-tlspassword <string>
Same as --tlspassword but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-tlsuser <name>
Same as --tlsuser but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
--proxy-tlsv1
Same as -1, --tlsv1 but used in HTTPS proxy context. Added in 7.52.0.
-U, --proxy-user <user:password>
Specify the user name and password to use for proxy authentication. If you use a Windows SSPI-enabled curl binary and do either Negotiate or NTLM authentication then you can tell curl to select the user name and password from your environment by specifying a single colon with this option: "-U :". On systems where it works, curl will hide the given option argument from process listings. This is not enough to protect credentials from possibly getting seen by other users on the same system as they will still be visible for a brief moment before cleared. Such sensitive data should be retrieved from a file instead or similar and never used in clear text in a command line. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
-x, --proxy [protocol://]host[:port]
Use the specified proxy.
--proxy1.0 <host[:port]>
Use the specified HTTP 1.0 proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. The only difference between this and the HTTP proxy option -x, --proxy, is that attempts to use CONNECT through the proxy will specify an HTTP 1.0 protocol instead of the default HTTP 1.1.
-p, --proxytunnel
When an HTTP proxy is used -x, --proxy, this option will make curl tunnel through the proxy. The tunnel approach is made with the HTTP proxy CONNECT request and requires that the proxy allows direct connect to the remote port number curl wants to tunnel through to. To suppress proxy CONNECT response headers when curl is set to output headers use --suppress-connect-headers. See also -x, --proxy.
--pubkey <key>
(SFTP SCP) Public key file name. Allows you to provide your public key in this separate file. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. (As of 7.39.0, curl attempts to automatically extract the public key from the private key file, so passing this option is generally not required. Note that this public key extraction requires libcurl to be linked against a copy of libssh2 1.2.8 or higher that is itself linked against OpenSSL.)
-Q, --quote
(FTP SFTP)  Send an arbitrary command to the remote FTP or SFTP server.
--random-file <file>
Specify the path name to file containing what will be considered as random data. The data may be used to seed the random engine for SSL connections.  See also the --egd-file option.
-r, --range <range>
(HTTP FTP SFTP FILE) Retrieve a byte range (i.e. a partial document) from an HTTP/1.1, FTP or SFTP server or a local FILE. Ranges can be specified in a number of ways.  0-499 specifies the first 500 bytes 500-999 specifies the second 500 bytes
-500 specifies the last 500 bytes
9500- specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and forward 0-0,-1 specifies the first and last byte only(*)(HTTP) 100-199,500-599 specifies two separate 100-byte ranges(*) (HTTP)   (*) = NOTE that this will cause the server to reply with a multipart response, which will be returned as-is by curl! Parsing or otherwise transforming this response is the responsibility of the caller. Only digit characters (0-9) are valid in the 'start' and 'stop' fields of the 'start-stop' range syntax. If a non-digit character is given in the range, the server's response will be unspecified, depending on the server's configuration. You should also be aware that many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have this feature enabled, so that when you attempt to get a range, you'll instead get the whole document. FTP and SFTP range downloads only support the simple 'start-stop' syntax (optionally with one of the numbers omitted). FTP use depends on the extended FTP command SIZE. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--raw
(HTTP) When used, it disables all internal HTTP decoding of content or transfer encodings and instead makes them passed on unaltered, raw. Added in 7.16.2.
-e, --referer <URL>
(HTTP) Sends the "Referrer Page" information to the HTTP server. This can also be set with the -H, --header flag of course.  When used with -L, --location you can append ";auto" to the -e, --referer URL to make curl automatically set the previous URL when it follows a Location: header. The ";auto" string can be used alone, even if you don't set an initial -e, --referer. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. See also -A, --user-agent and -H, --header.
-J, --remote-header-name
(HTTP) This option tells the -O, --remote-name option to use the server-specified Content-Disposition filename instead of extracting a filename from the URL. If the server specifies a file name and a file with that name already exists in the current working directory it will not be overwritten and an error will occur. If the server doesn't specify a file name then this option has no effect. There's no attempt to decode %-sequences (yet) in the provided file name, so this option may provide you with rather unexpected file names. WARNING: Exercise judicious use of this option, especially on Windows. A rogue server could send you the name of a DLL or other file that could possibly be loaded automatically by Windows or some third party software.
--remote-name-all
This option changes the default action for all given URLs to be dealt with as if -O, --remote-name were used for each one. So if you want to disable that for a specific URL after --remote-name-all has been used, you must use "-o -" or --no-remote-name. Added in 7.19.0.
-O, --remote-name
Write output to a local file named like the remote file we get. (Only the file part of the remote file is used, the path is cut off.) The file will be saved in the current working directory. If you want the file saved in a different directory, make sure you change the current working directory before invoking curl with this option. The remote file name to use for saving is extracted from the given URL, nothing else, and if it already exists it will be overwritten. If you want the server to be able to choose the file name refer to -J, --remote-header-name which can be used in addition to this option. If the server chooses a file name and that name already exists it will not be overwritten. There is no URL decoding done on the file name. If it has %20 or other URL encoded parts of the name, they will end up as-is as file name. You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you have.
-R, --remote-time
When used, this will make curl attempt to figure out the timestamp of the remote file, and if that is available make the local file get that same timestamp.
--request-target
(HTTP) Tells curl to use an alternative "target" (path) instead of using the path as provided in the URL. Particularly useful when wanting to issue HTTP requests without leading slash or other data that doesn't follow the regular URL pattern, like "OPTIONS *". Added in 7.55.0.
-X, --request <command>
(HTTP) Specifies a custom request method to use when communicating with the HTTP server.
--resolve <[+]host:port:addr[,addr]...>
Provide a custom address for a specific host and port pair.
--retry-all-errors
Retry on any error.
--retry-connrefused
In addition to the other conditions, consider ECONNREFUSED as a transient error too for --retry. This option is used together with --retry. Added in 7.52.0.
--retry-delay <seconds>
Make curl sleep this amount of time before each retry when a transfer has failed with a transient error (it changes the default backoff time algorithm between retries). This option is only interesting if --retry is also used. Setting this delay to zero will make curl use the default backoff time. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.12.3.
--retry-max-time <seconds>
The retry timer is reset before the first transfer attempt. Retries will be done as usual (see --retry) as long as the timer hasn't reached this given limit. Notice that if the timer hasn't reached the limit, the request will be made and while performing, it may take longer than this given time period. To limit a single request´s maximum time, use -m, --max-time.  Set this option to zero to not timeout retries. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.12.3.
--retry <num>
If a transient error is returned when curl tries to perform a transfer, it will retry this number of times before giving up. Setting the number to 0 makes curl do no retries (which is the default). Transient error means either: a timeout, an FTP 4xx response code or an HTTP 408, 429, 500, 502, 503 or 504 response code. When curl is about to retry a transfer, it will first wait one second and then for all forthcoming retries it will double the waiting time until it reaches 10 minutes which then will be the delay between the rest of the retries.  By using --retry-delay you disable this exponential backoff algorithm. See also --retry-max-time to limit the total time allowed for retries. Since curl 7.66.0, curl will comply with the Retry-After: response header if one was present to know when to issue the next retry. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.12.3.
--sasl-authzid <identity>
Use this authorisation identity (authzid), during SASL PLAIN authentication, in addition to the authentication identity (authcid) as specified by -u, --user. If the option isn't specified, the server will derive the authzid from the authcid, but if specified, and depending on the server implementation, it may be used to access another user's inbox, that the user has been granted access to, or a shared mailbox for example. Added in 7.66.0.
--sasl-ir
Enable initial response in SASL authentication. Added in 7.31.0.
--service-name <name>
This option allows you to change the service name for SPNEGO. Examples: --negotiate --service-name sockd would use sockd/server-name. Added in 7.43.0.
-S, --show-error
When used with -s, --silent, it makes curl show an error message if it fails. See also --no-progress-meter.
-s, --silent
Silent or quiet mode. Don't show progress meter or error messages.  Makes Curl mute. It will still output the data you ask for, potentially even to the terminal/stdout unless you redirect it. Use -S, --show-error in addition to this option to disable progress meter but still show error messages. See also -v, --verbose, --stderr and --no-progress-meter.
--socks4 <host[:port]>
Use the specified SOCKS4 proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. Using this socket type make curl resolve the host name and passing the address on to the proxy. This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they are mutually exclusive. Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a socks4 proxy with -x, --proxy using a socks4:// protocol prefix. Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at the same time -x, --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In such a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.15.2.
--socks4a <host[:port]>
Use the specified SOCKS4a proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. This asks the proxy to resolve the host name. This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they are mutually exclusive. Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a socks4a proxy with -x, --proxy using a socks4a:// protocol prefix. Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at the same time -x, --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In such a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.18.0.
--socks5-basic
Tells curl to use username/password authentication when connecting to a SOCKS5 proxy.  The username/password authentication is enabled by default.  Use --socks5-gssapi to force GSS-API authentication to SOCKS5 proxies. Added in 7.55.0.
--socks5-gssapi-nec
As part of the GSS-API negotiation a protection mode is negotiated. RFC 1961 says in section 4.3/4.4 it should be protected, but the NEC reference implementation does not.  The option --socks5-gssapi-nec allows the unprotected exchange of the protection mode negotiation. Added in 7.19.4.
--socks5-gssapi-service <name>
The default service name for a socks server is rcmd/server-fqdn. This option allows you to change it. Examples: --socks5 proxy-name --socks5-gssapi-service sockd would use sockd/proxy-name --socks5 proxy-name --socks5-gssapi-service sockd/real-name would use sockd/real-name for cases where the proxy-name does not match the principal name. Added in 7.19.4.
--socks5-gssapi
Tells curl to use GSS-API authentication when connecting to a SOCKS5 proxy. The GSS-API authentication is enabled by default (if curl is compiled with GSS-API support).  Use --socks5-basic to force username/password authentication to SOCKS5 proxies. Added in 7.55.0.
--socks5-hostname <host[:port]>
Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy (and let the proxy resolve the host name). If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they are mutually exclusive. Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a socks5 hostname proxy with -x, --proxy using a socks5h:// protocol prefix. Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at the same time -x, --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In such a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.18.0.
--socks5 <host[:port]>
Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy - but resolve the host name locally. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they are mutually exclusive. Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a socks5 proxy with -x, --proxy using a socks5:// protocol prefix. Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at the same time -x, --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In such a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. This option (as well as --socks4) does not work with IPV6, FTPS or LDAP. Added in 7.18.0.
-Y, --speed-limit <speed>
If a download is slower than this given speed (in bytes per second) for speed-time seconds it gets aborted. speed-time is set with -y, --speed-time and is 30 if not set. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
-y, --speed-time <seconds>
If a download is slower than speed-limit bytes per second during a speed-time period, the download gets aborted. If speed-time is used, the default speed-limit will be 1 unless set with -Y, --speed-limit. This option controls transfers and thus will not affect slow connects etc. If this is a concern for you, try the --connect-timeout option. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--ssl-allow-beast
This option tells curl to not work around a security flaw in the SSL3 and TLS1.0 protocols known as BEAST.  If this option isn't used, the SSL layer may use workarounds known to cause interoperability problems with some older SSL implementations. WARNING: this option loosens the SSL security, and by using this flag you ask for exactly that. Added in 7.25.0.
--ssl-auto-client-cert
Tell libcurl to automatically locate and use a client certificate for authentication, when requested by the server. This option is only supported for Schannel (the native Windows SSL library). Prior to 7.77.0 this was the default behavior in libcurl with Schannel. Since the server can request any certificate that supports client authentication in the OS certificate store it could be a privacy violation and unexpected. See also --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert. Added in 7.77.0.
--ssl-no-revoke
(Schannel) This option tells curl to disable certificate revocation checks. WARNING: this option loosens the SSL security, and by using this flag you ask for exactly that. Added in 7.44.0.
--ssl-reqd
(FTP IMAP POP3 SMTP) Require SSL/TLS for the connection.  Terminates the connection if the server doesn't support SSL/TLS. This option was formerly known as --ftp-ssl-reqd. Added in 7.20.0.
--ssl-revoke-best-effort
(Schannel) This option tells curl to ignore certificate revocation checks when they failed due to missing/offline distribution points for the revocation check lists. Added in 7.70.0.
--ssl
(FTP IMAP POP3 SMTP)  Try to use SSL/TLS for the connection.  Reverts to a non-secure connection if the server doesn't support SSL/TLS.  See also --ftp-ssl-control and --ssl-reqd for different levels of encryption required. This option was formerly known as --ftp-ssl (Added in 7.11.0). That option name can still be used but will be removed in a future version. Added in 7.20.0.
-2, --sslv2
(SSL) This option previously asked curl to use SSLv2, but starting in curl 7.77.0 this instruction is ignored. SSLv2 is widely considered insecure (see RFC 6176). See also --http1.1 and --http2. -2, --sslv2 requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. This option overrides -3, --sslv3 and -1, --tlsv1 and --tlsv1.1 and --tlsv1.2.
-3, --sslv3
(SSL) This option previously asked curl to use SSLv3, but starting in curl 7.77.0 this instruction is ignored. SSLv3 is widely considered insecure (see RFC 7568). See also --http1.1 and --http2. -3, --sslv3 requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. This option overrides -2, --sslv2 and -1, --tlsv1 and --tlsv1.1 and --tlsv1.2.
--stderr <file>
Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file instead. If the file name is a plain '-', it is instead written to stdout. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. See also -v, --verbose and -s, --silent.
--styled-output
Enables the automatic use of bold font styles when writing HTTP headers to the terminal. Use --no-styled-output to switch them off. Added in 7.61.0.
--suppress-connect-headers
When -p, --proxytunnel is used and a CONNECT request is made don't output proxy CONNECT response headers. This option is meant to be used with -D, --dump-header or -i, --include which are used to show protocol headers in the output. It has no effect on debug options such as -v, --verbose or --trace, or any statistics. See also -D, --dump-header, -i, --include and -p, --proxytunnel.
--tcp-fastopen
Enable use of TCP Fast Open (RFC7413). Added in 7.49.0.
--tcp-nodelay
Turn on the TCP_NODELAY option. See the curl_easy_setopt(3) man page for details about this option. Since 7.50.2, curl sets this option by default and you need to explicitly switch it off if you don't want it on. Added in 7.11.2.
-t, --telnet-option <opt=val>
Pass options to the telnet protocol. Supported options are: TTYPE=<term> Sets the terminal type. XDISPLOC=<X display> Sets the X display location. NEW_ENV=<var,val> Sets an environment variable.
--tftp-blksize <value>
(TFTP) Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512). This is the block size that curl will try to use when transferring data to or from a TFTP server. By default 512 bytes will be used. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Added in 7.20.0.
--tftp-no-options
(TFTP) Tells curl not to send TFTP options requests. This option improves interop with some legacy servers that do not acknowledge or properly implement TFTP options. When this option is used --tftp-blksize is ignored. Added in 7.48.0.
-z, --time-cond <time>
(HTTP FTP) Request a file that has been modified later than the given time and date, or one that has been modified before that time. The <date expression> can be all sorts of date strings or if it doesn't match any internal ones, it is taken as a filename and tries to get the modification date (mtime) from <file> instead. See the curl_getdate(3) man pages for date expression details. Start the date expression with a dash (-) to make it request for a document that is older than the given date/time, default is a document that is newer than the specified date/time. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--tls-max <VERSION>
(SSL) VERSION defines maximum supported TLS version. The minimum acceptable version is set by tlsv1.0, tlsv1.1, tlsv1.2 or tlsv1.3. If the connection is done without TLS, this option has no effect. This includes QUIC-using (HTTP/3) transfers.   default Use up to recommended TLS version. 1.0 Use up to TLSv1.0. 1.1 Use up to TLSv1.1. 1.2 Use up to TLSv1.2. 1.3 Use up to TLSv1.3.  See also --tlsv1.0, --tlsv1.1, --tlsv1.2 and --tlsv1.3. --tls-max requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. Added in 7.54.0.
--tls13-ciphers <ciphersuite list>
(TLS) Specifies which cipher suites to use in the connection if it negotiates TLS 1.3. The list of ciphers suites must specify valid ciphers. Read up on TLS 1.3 cipher suite details on this URL: https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html This option is currently used only when curl is built to use OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later. If you are using a different SSL backend you can try setting TLS 1.3 cipher suites by using the --ciphers option. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
--tlsauthtype <type>
Set TLS authentication type. Currently, the only supported option is "SRP", for TLS-SRP (RFC 5054). If --tlsuser and --tlspassword are specified but --tlsauthtype is not, then this option defaults to "SRP".  This option works only if the underlying libcurl is built with TLS-SRP support, which requires OpenSSL or GnuTLS with TLS-SRP support. Added in 7.21.4.
--tlspassword
Set password for use with the TLS authentication method specified with --tlsauthtype. Requires that --tlsuser also be set. This doesn't work with TLS 1.3. Added in 7.21.4.
--tlsuser <name>
Set username for use with the TLS authentication method specified with --tlsauthtype. Requires that --tlspassword also is set. This doesn't work with TLS 1.3. Added in 7.21.4.
--tlsv1.0
(TLS) Forces curl to use TLS version 1.0 or later when connecting to a remote TLS server. In old versions of curl this option was documented to allow _only_ TLS 1.0, but behavior was inconsistent depending on the TLS library. Use --tls-max if you want to set a maximum TLS version. Added in 7.34.0.
--tlsv1.1
(TLS) Forces curl to use TLS version 1.1 or later when connecting to a remote TLS server. In old versions of curl this option was documented to allow _only_ TLS 1.1, but behavior was inconsistent depending on the TLS library. Use --tls-max if you want to set a maximum TLS version. Added in 7.34.0.
--tlsv1.2
(TLS) Forces curl to use TLS version 1.2 or later when connecting to a remote TLS server. In old versions of curl this option was documented to allow _only_ TLS 1.2, but behavior was inconsistent depending on the TLS library. Use --tls-max if you want to set a maximum TLS version. Added in 7.34.0.
--tlsv1.3
(TLS) Forces curl to use TLS version 1.3 or later when connecting to a remote TLS server. If the connection is done without TLS, this option has no effect. This includes QUIC-using (HTTP/3) transfers. Note that TLS 1.3 is not supported by all TLS backends. Added in 7.52.0.
-1, --tlsv1
(SSL) Tells curl to use at least TLS version 1.x when negotiating with a remote TLS server. That means TLS version 1.0 or higher See also --http1.1 and --http2. -1, --tlsv1 requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. This option overrides --tlsv1.1 and --tlsv1.2 and --tlsv1.3.
--tr-encoding
(HTTP) Request a compressed Transfer-Encoding response using one of the algorithms curl supports, and uncompress the data while receiving it. Added in 7.21.6.
--trace-ascii <file>
Enables a full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, including descriptive information, to the given output file. Use "-" as filename to have the output sent to stdout. This is very similar to --trace, but leaves out the hex part and only shows the ASCII part of the dump. It makes smaller output that might be easier to read for untrained humans. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. This option overrides --trace and -v, --verbose.
--trace-time
Prepends a time stamp to each trace or verbose line that curl displays. Added in 7.14.0.
--trace <file>
Enables a full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, including descriptive information, to the given output file. Use "-" as filename to have the output sent to stdout. Use "%" as filename to have the output sent to stderr. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. This option overrides -v, --verbose and --trace-ascii.
--unix-socket <path>
(HTTP) Connect through this Unix domain socket, instead of using the network. Added in 7.40.0.
-T, --upload-file <file>
This transfers the specified local file to the remote URL.
--url <url>
Specify a URL to fetch. This option is mostly handy when you want to specify URL(s) in a config file. If the given URL is missing a scheme name (such as "http://" or "ftp://" etc) then curl will make a guess based on the host. If the outermost sub-domain name matches DICT, FTP, IMAP, LDAP, POP3 or SMTP then that protocol will be used, otherwise HTTP will be used. Since 7.45.0 guessing can be disabled by setting a default protocol, see --proto-default for details. This option may be used any number of times. To control where this URL is written, use the -o, --output or the -O, --remote-name options. Warning: On Windows, particular file:// accesses can be converted to network accesses by the operating system. Beware!
-B, --use-ascii
(FTP LDAP) Enable ASCII transfer. For FTP, this can also be enforced by using a URL that ends with ";type=A". This option causes data sent to stdout to be in text mode for win32 systems.
-A, --user-agent <name>
(HTTP)  Specify the User-Agent string to send to the HTTP server. To encode blanks in the string, surround the string with single quote marks. This header can also be set with the -H, --header or the --proxy-header options. If you give an empty argument to -A, --user-agent (""), it will remove the header completely from the request. If you prefer a blank header, you can set it to a single space (" "). If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
-u, --user <user:password>
Specify the user name and password to use for server authentication.
-v, --verbose
Makes curl verbose during the operation.
-V, --version
Displays information about curl and the libcurl version it uses.
-w, --write-out <format>
Make curl display information on stdout after a completed transfer.
--xattr
When saving output to a file, this option tells curl to store certain file metadata in extended file attributes. Currently, the URL is stored in the xdg.origin.url attribute and, for HTTP, the content type is stored in the mime_type attribute. If the file system does not support extended attributes, a warning is issued.